Missing tests for transactions

As part of https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KAFKA-15653 we found a bug which was not caught by any of the existing tests in Apache Kafka.

However, the bug is consistently reproducible if we use the test suite shared by twmb at https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KAFKA-15653?focusedCommentId=17777846&page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels%3Acomment-tabpanel#comment-17777846 

As part of this JIRA, we want to do add relevant test in Apache Kafka which should have failed. We can look at the test suite that franz/go repository is running, more specifically the test suite that is executed by "go test -run Txn".(see repro.sh attached to the comment linked above).

With reference to code in repro.sh, we don't need to do docker compose down or up in the while loop Hence, it's ok to simply do
```
while go test -run Txn > FRANZ_FAIL; do
done
```

The exit criteria for this Jira should be to have a test in Apache Kafka which will fail on 3.6.0.