Integrate Sonar analysis for the master branch and PRs

The aim of the ticket is to integrate SonarCloud analysis for the master branch and PRs.

The ticket does not cover test coverage at the moment (it can be added in follow-up tickets, if there is enough interest).

From preliminary tests, the analysis step requires 30 additional minutes for the pipeline, but this step is run in parallel with the test run, so the total end-to-end run-time is not affected.

The idea for this first integration is to track code quality metrics over new commits in the master branch and for PRs, without any quality gate rules (i.e., the analysis will never fail, independently of the values of the quality metrics).

An example of analysis is available in the ASF Sonar account for Hive: PR analysis

After integrating the changes, PRs will also be decorated with a link to the analysis to be able to better evaluate any pain points of the contribution at an earlier stage, making the life of the reviewers a bit easier.