[Java] Implement an immutable table object

Implement an immutable Table object without the batch semantics provided by VectorSchemaRoot. 

See original design document/discussion here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1J77irZFWNnSID7vK71z26Nw_Pi99I9Hb9iryno8B03c/edit?usp=sharing

Note that this ticket covers only the immutable Table implementation.