[Python][Packaging] Move Windows wheel build to more recent Visual Studio

We recently decided to remove support for Visual Studio 2017:
https://lists.apache.org/thread/rcqkx19gpfjlkyvrhxfsrckktrdrzm2p

The Docker image for building Windows wheels should then be updated, for example to Visual Studio 2019:
https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/d3d6371e1e7627d0c5c289acb8eee38ab0cea533/ci/docker/python-wheel-windows-vs2017.dockerfile#L21-L23